The Messer, literally "knife" in German, is a unique weapon that holds a significant place in the Germanic martial tradition of the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. Halfway between a sword and a knife, the Messer is characterized by its single-edged blade and distinctive handle, often featuring a nagel (nail) shaped guard and a hat-shaped pommel.
Appearing in the 14th century, the Messer was widely used by both civilians and military, particularly in German-speaking regions. Its legal status as a "knife" often allowed it to circumvent restrictions on carrying swords, making it popular among the bourgeoisie and peasants. The Langes Messer (long knife) and the Großes Messer (large knife) were more imposing variants, used with two hands.
In the context of HEMA, the study of the Messer provides a fascinating insight into the urban and rural combat techniques of medieval Central Europe. Treatises from masters of arms like Johannes Lecküchner provide a rich source of information on its handling. The practice of the Messer in modern HEMA emphasizes versatile techniques, combining elements of fencing with more rustic and direct movements, thus reflecting its dual status as a civilian and military weapon.
Exploring the Messer in HEMA allows practitioners to discover a unique aspect of European martial history, illustrating the diversity of combat traditions beyond more well-known weapons like the longsword or rapier.